Marine Glycoprotein Production Service

CD BioGlyco offers the production of glycoproteins from marine organisms. With our unique technology means, we have successfully overcome the challenge of low extraction rate of marine glycoproteins by efficient separation and purification technologies. To meet clients' meet, we achieve efficient extraction and large-scale production for other Marine Biomolecules, including Marine Carbohydrates, Marine Lectins, Marine Glycosides, and Marine Glycolipids.

Extraction

To enhance the extraction rate of marine glycoproteins, the presence of lipids during the extraction process needs to be removed. We reflux and degrease the raw materials with high lipid content using organic solvents to eliminate interfering substances like low molecular compounds, lipids, and colored substances before extraction. Suitable pretreatment methods or new extraction techniques are employed to improve the recovery of target marine glycoproteins at CD BioGlyco. We provide various extraction approaches including physical extraction, chemical extraction, biological extraction, and physical chemistry extraction.

Fig.1 Specific methods of extraction. (CD BioGlyco)

Purification

Subsequently, we carry out the purification steps to obtain more pure marine glycoproteins. The most basic separation and purification methods we use are fractionated precipitation, membrane separation, electrophoretic separation, and chromatographic separation. In addition, the purpose of classification can also be achieved using dialysis and ultrafiltration. In the current purification process of marine glycoprotein, dialysis bag, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose ion-exchange column are mostly used. Membrane separation technology can be applied to the separation of marine glycoproteins because of its advantages such as high efficiency and energy saving, low pollution, and no phase transition at room temperature.

• Inorganic salts and small molecular organics can be removed by dialysis and ion exchange resin.
• While for macromolecular proteins, sevag, and trichloroacetic acid methods are often used to remove proteins.
• SDS-PAGE is only suitable for the separation of small molecules of marine glycoproteins, while ones with large molecules can be separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Although the resolution of agarose gel electrophoresis is lower than that of SDS-PAGE, agarose gel electrophoresis has a better separation effect for biological macromolecules which are difficult to separate using SDS-PAGE.
• For mucin-type marine glycoproteins, we use sepharose CL-2B gel chromatography with a wide separation range for separation. In addition, mucin-type marine glycoproteins have high buoyancy density and can be separated by cesium chloride (CsCl) gradient centrifugation.

Characterization

Our structural identification of marine glycoproteins mainly involves basic composition analysis, molecular weight determination, and glycopeptide bond characteristic analysis.

Characterization of Molecular Weight

We offer various methods to determine the relative molecular weight of the extract, including electrophoresis, gel filtration, osmotic pressure, diffusion coefficient analysis, and sedimentation analysis. Among these methods, SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry scanning, and sedimentation velocity are commonly used for determining the relative molecular weight of marine glycoproteins. Sedimentation velocity is the most effective method to estimate the relative molecular weight of monomeric mucins in glycoprotein-rich mucus from marine invertebrates with high molecular weights at CD BioGlyco.

Analysis of Composition

• The basic compositional analysis of marine glycoproteins focuses on protein content, total sugar content, amino acid, and monosaccharide composition, alongside the determination of sulfate content.
• We use the Coomassie brilliant blue GMY 250, Kjeldahl, and Folin-phenol methods to determine the protein content in marine glycoprotein. Among these methods, the Folin-phenol method stands out for its quick analysis time, ease of use, and precise results, making it the preferred choice over the Coomassie brilliant blue and Kjeldahl methods.
• The primary methods utilized for the determination of total sugars in marine glycoprotein are the phenol-sulfuric acid and anthrone-sulfuric acid methods.
• To analyze the composition and structure of sugar chains in marine glycoproteins, various methods are used, including periodic acid oxidation, methylation, dilute alkali hydrolysis, hydrazinolysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and frontal affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry (FAC-MS), among others. These methods are utilized to determine monosaccharide composition, anomeric configuration, sugar ring conformation, sugar chain linking sequence, linking positions between sugars, linking conformations and positions of non-sugar substituents, etc.
• Amino acid and monosaccharide qualitative and quantitative analysis will provide useful information on protein-sugar chain linkages and glycosidic bonds in glycoproteins. The presence of sulfate groups is essential for identifying N and O bonds in glycoprotein structures, and O-linked sugars are typically sulfated. For the determination of molecular shape and conformation, friction coefficient and X-ray crystallographic analysis are commonly employed at CD BioGlyco. In addition, we use sodium rosin, barium sulfate gravimetric, and sulfuric acid turbidimetric methods for the assay of sulfate groups.

We provide a variety of kinds of marine glycoproteins to choose from.

Publication Data

Technology: Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning calorimetry, In vitro activity tests

Journal: Materials Today: Proceedings

Published: 2016

Results: This article discussed the potential of a glycoprotein found in molluscs for the treatment of medical conditions caused by the herpes virus, which affects over 70% of adults worldwide. In order to ensure the quality and effectiveness of this protein for therapeutic purposes, the author clarified its molecular structure and thermal stability which are crucial characteristics that require clarification. They carried out extraction, purification, and characterization of the biomolecules to determine their efficacy in treating herpes virus infections. Techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and in vitro activity tests were employed to examine the protein's structure, stability, and suitability for therapeutic use.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do we produce marine glycoproteins?

The glycoproteins are made up of a wide variety of sources and their composition and structure vary from one natural source to another, leading to significant differences in biological functions. The marine active substance possesses a specific amino acid composition and structure because of the special environment, such as high salinity and low temperature in the ocean. In recent years, more and more marine glycoproteins have been discovered due to their natural, safe, and side-effect-free characteristics.

What biological activities do marine glycoproteins have?

Marine glycoproteins exhibit various activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-thrombotic, anti-coagulant, and anti-vascular disease. Besides, they have the ability to promote wound healing, enhance immune function, regulate blood sugar levels, protect the nervous system, and have effects such as eliminating free radicals, maintaining skin health, and whitening.

Applications

• Marine glycoproteins display the significant potential to act as an effective functional supplement in food research.
• Marine glycoproteins can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent for various ailments.
• Marine glycoproteins can be used for their benefits for eczema-prone, sensitive skin without irritating cosmetic research and development.

Advantages

• We offer various extraction approaches including physical, chemical, biological, and physical chemistry extraction.
• We carry out purification steps to achieve a consistent composition of glycoprotein components using techniques such as dialysis, ion exchange resin, fractionated precipitation, membrane separation, electrophoretic separation, and chromatographic separation.
• We utilize a wide range of methods for analyzing the composition and structure of sugar chains in marine glycoproteins. This comprehensive approach allows for a detailed understanding of monosaccharide composition, anomeric configuration, sugar chain linking sequence, and more.
• We employ amino acid and monosaccharide qualitative and quantitative analysis to provide valuable information on protein-sugar chain linkages and glycosidic bonds in glycoproteins. This analysis helps in understanding the relationship between proteins and sugar chains.

CD BioGlyco is a pioneering company offering marine biomolecule production, with a focus on marine glycoproteins. With an advanced research team, we produce diverse groundbreaking products that are applied in many areas. We also provide Marine Carbohydrate Characterization Service, Marine Glycomics Service, Marine Glycoproteomics Service, Marine Carbohydrate Modification Service, and Marine Glycoenzyme Development Service. If our company has piqued your interest, please do not hesitate to contact us.