Trust Our Expert Peptidoglycan (PGN) Analysis for Insights into Marine Carbohydrates
At CD BioGlyco, we offer comprehensive Marine Carbohydrate Characterization Services, aimed at elucidating the complex structures and functions of marine-derived carbohydrates. Our specialized services include Marine Microbial Polysaccharide Characterization Services, where we delve into the unique polysaccharides produced by marine microbes. Within this subset, our PGN characterization service stands out as a vital tool for understanding the structural intricacies of bacterial cell walls in marine environments.
Our PGN characterization service is designed to provide detailed insights into the composition, structure, and functionality of PGNs. This service is invaluable for researchers studying marine microbial physiology, antibiotic resistance, and the ecological impact of marine bacteria.
Isolation and Purification
- Sample collection and preparation: We start with the collection of marine samples, often involving complex matrices of seawater, sediments, or marine organisms. These samples undergo preliminary processing to concentrate the microbial biomass.
- Cell lysis and extraction: The microbial cells are lysed using mechanical, enzymatic, or chemical methods to release PGN. We use techniques such as bead beating, sonication, or enzymatic lysis, followed by selective extraction methods to obtain purified PGN.
- Purification techniques: Purification is typically achieved through centrifugation, filtration, and chromatographic methods including size exclusion, ion exchange, and affinity chromatography to isolate high-purity PGN.
Chemical Characterization
- High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): We utilize HPLC to separate and identify the monosaccharide components of the PGN. Coupling with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we precisely determine the molecular weights and structural characteristics.
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS): This method is employed for the detailed analysis of PGN saccharides and amino acids after derivatization.
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: NMR provides structural information at the atomic level. We use both 1D and 2D NMR to elucidate the detailed structure and conformation of PGN components.
- Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy: FT-IR is used to identify functional groups and characteristic bonds in the PGN structure, providing insights into its chemical composition.
Structural Characterization
- X-ray crystallography: For high-resolution and three-dimensional structural analysis, we crystallize PGN fragments and analyze them using X-ray crystallography.
- Electron microscopy (EM): Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) offer insights into the morphological characteristics of PGN layers and their assembly in microbial cell walls.
- Atomic force microscopy (AFM): AFM provides nanoscale surface topology and mechanical properties of PGN structures.
Biological and Functional Analysis
- Enzymatic assays: We utilize lysozyme and other specific enzymes to assess the enzymatic degradability and functional characteristics of PGNs.
- Antibacterial testing: Evaluating the effectiveness of PGN fragments against bacterial strains helps in understanding their role in microbial ecology and potential therapeutic applications.
- Biophysical measurements: Techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are used to study the thermal stability and phase transitions of PGN samples.
Bioinformatics and Computational Analysis
- Sequence analysis: For PGNs encoded by genes, we use bioinformatics tools to analyze genomic sequences and predict PGN biosynthesis pathways.
- Structural modeling: Computational modeling is employed to predict the three-dimensional structure and interactions of PGN with other biomolecules.
Publication
Technology: Isolated and visualized PGN
Journal: Frontiers in microbiology
IF: 4.236
Published: 2017
Results: The authors described three novel bacterial strains from a freshwater lake, designated IG15T, IG16bT, and IG31T, which were identified as belonging to a new genus in subdivision 4 of Verrucomicrobia. They determined that these strains possessed PGN as a component of their cell walls. The authors found that nearly all genes necessary for PGN synthesis were present in the genomes of subdivision 4 members, including the complete genome sequence of strain IG16bT. Additionally, they isolated and visualized PGN-sacculi for strain IG16bT.
Fig.1 Extracted PGN sacculus of strain IG16bT. (Rast, et al., 2017)
Applications of Marine PGN
- Marine PGN has great potential in biomaterials science due to its high biocompatibility and degradability. It can be used to prepare biodegradable scaffold materials, such as bone repair scaffolds in tissue engineering and skin regeneration dressings.
- Marine PGN has certain antibacterial and antioxidant properties and can be used in the field of food preservation.
- Due to its good moisturizing, anti-wrinkle, and anti-aging properties, marine PGN is widely used in the cosmetics industry.
Advantages
- We have advanced biochemical and molecular biology characterization technologies, including high-resolution MS spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and chromatographic separation technology.
- We have a research team composed of experts in biochemistry, molecular biology, materials science, and marine science. This interdisciplinary cooperation model enables us to comprehensively examine the characteristics of marine PGN from different angles.
- We actively establish cooperative relationships with universities, research institutions, and industry partners to jointly explore the application potential of marine PGN in multiple fields such as biomaterials, drug carriers, food preservation, cosmetics, and environmentally friendly materials.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the characteristics of marine PGN?
Marine PGN is a complex biomacromolecule, mainly composed of polysaccharide chains and amino acid residues connected by specific chemical bonds, showing a variety of biochemical properties. Its characteristics include:
- Structural complexity: The molecular structure of marine PGN is highly complex. The polysaccharide chain is usually composed of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid connected by β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds and is connected to a variety of amino acid short peptides to form a network structure.
- Biocompatibility and degradability: Due to its natural source, marine PGN has good biocompatibility and can be gradually degraded and absorbed in the body to reduce rejection reactions.
- Functional diversity: This substance plays an important structural and defensive role in marine organisms, showing antibacterial, antioxidant, and other biological activities, which are closely related to its specific molecular structure and composition.
Why choose your company for marine PGN characterization?
If you choose us, you will benefit from our many years of industry experience and expertise, as well as advanced characterization technology. Our research team consists of multidisciplinary experts who deeply analyze the characteristics of marine PGN from multiple angles. In addition, we focus on close communication with customers to ensure that the results are accurate and reliable to meet your personalized needs.
At CD BioGlyco, our marine PGN characterization service is dedicated to providing unparalleled accuracy and depth of analysis. Through the utilization of cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary methodologies, we ensure a deep understanding of the PGN structures that hold key implications for marine microbiology, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical development. Please feel free to contact us for more details if you are interested in our marine PGN characterization service!
Reference
- Rast, P.; et al. Three novel species with peptidoglycan cell walls form the new genus Lacunisphaera gen. nov. in the family Opitutaceae of the verrucomicrobial subdivision 4. Frontiers in microbiology. 2017, 8: 202.
