Precision and Purity: Unmatched Axidjiferoside Production
Glycosphingolipids are integral components of cell membranes in animals, essential for processes such as cell-cell recognition and antigenic specificity. Marine sponge glycolipids have garnered attention for their immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. Therefore, CD BioGlyco provides an advanced Marine Biomolecule Production Platform, producing various types of Marine Glycolipids, including Marine Glycosphingolipids, Marine Glycoglycerolipids, and Marine Atypical Glycolipids. Specifically, we produce glycolipids from Axinyssa djiferi, including axidjiferoside A, axidjiferoside B, and axidjiferoside C. They consist of a blend of galactosylceramides, termed axidjiferosides, characterized by various α-hydroxy fatty acids and long-chain unsaturated bases.
Fig.1 The structures of the axidjiferoside. (Cheng-Sánchez & Sarabia, 2018)
Sample Extraction
Firstly, the whole bodies of A. djiferi sponges are chopped. The samples will be extracted twice with an organic solvent mixture, CH2Cl2-MeOH. The combined extracts are concentrated under vacuum to yield a crude extract, which is then partitioned between water and dichloromethane. The dried organic layer is concentrated in a vacuum.
Sample Separation
Our researchers use column chromatography on silica gel with different eluents, such as hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol, to separate axidjiferosides from other lipids.
Sample Purification
Through several successive chromatographic steps, our researchers will isolate a fraction that contains a mixture of three glycosphingolipids, which I named axidjiferoside A, axidjiferoside B, and axidjiferoside C.
Characterization Analysis
Our researchers determine the chemical structure and composition of axidjiferosides using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of the peracetylated glycosphingolipids. Additionally, we employ acid methanolysis to further elucidate their structure.
Our experimental scheme is designed to provide a specific evaluation of biological activities according to clients' needs. We conduct a range of in vitro tests to evaluate Antimicrobial, antiparasitic, Antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Publication Data
DOI: org/10.1186/s12936-019-3026-1
Journal: Malaria journal
Published: 2019
IF: 2.6
Results: This review describes the realm of antiplasmodial natural products documented between 2010 and 2017. Authors meticulously analyzed 447 distinct compounds exhibiting IC50 values ≤ 3.0 µM against Plasmodium falciparum, sourced from a diverse array of plants, microorganisms, and marine entities. The compounds are predominantly categorized into three principal chemical classes: alkaloids (31.9%), terpenoids (30.8%), and polyphenols (17.4%). Noteworthy are the emerging scaffolds, such as tropolones and cyclic phosphotriesters, which may possess innovative mechanisms of action. They discussed the antiplasmodial properties of axidjiferosides from the A. djiferi sponge. The sponge A. djiferi produced a mixture of three glycosphingolipids, mainly axidjiferoside A, which was effective against the FcB1 strain of P. falciparum and non-toxic to cancer cells. The mixture was selective, not affecting other parasites like Leishmania donovani or Trypanosoma brucei. The review highlights the necessity for in vivo validation, given the constrained availability of natural substances. Moreover, the imperative to block the transmission stages of the parasite is acknowledged, though the number of natural products evaluated for these stages remains limited. Future research endeavors should prioritize compounds demonstrating multi-stage activity and the development of standardized methodologies for assessing both gametocidal and liver stage activities.
Applications
- Axidjiferoside can be used as a promising candidate for the research and development of new antimalarial drugs due to its antimalarial activity.
- Axidjiferoside can be studied for its mechanisms and interactions with malaria parasites to potentially research more effective treatments.
- Axidjiferoside can be applied to synthesize its analogs to explore their potential in drug development, including enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity.
Advantages
- We possess a cutting-edge production platform, ensuring high precision and purity through meticulous extraction, separation, and purification processes.
- Our research team employs sophisticated ESI-MS and NMR for detailed characterization and analysis of axidjiferosides.
- Our researchers provide tailored bioactivity analysis, including antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity tests.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the biological activities of axidjiferoside?
These axidjiferosides exhibit significant antimalarial activity and low antitumor activity.
What other marine glycosphingolipids can we produce?
CD BioGlyco is a leading provider of marine glycolipid production and analysis. We ensure outstanding accuracy and purity with our state-of-the-art platform, which employs thorough extraction, separation, and purification techniques to achieve these standards. If you want to obtain exceptional marine biomolecules for a wide array of research and application needs, contact us.
References
- Cheng-Sánchez, I.; Sarabia, F. Chemistry and biology of bioactive glycolipids of marine origin. Marine Drugs. 2018, 16(9): 294.
- Tajuddeen, N.; Van Heerden, F.R. Antiplasmodial natural products: an update. Malaria journal. 2019, 18: 1-62.
